全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1853篇 |
免费 | 62篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1381篇 |
晶体学 | 6篇 |
力学 | 40篇 |
数学 | 315篇 |
物理学 | 181篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 92篇 |
2020年 | 74篇 |
2019年 | 56篇 |
2018年 | 39篇 |
2017年 | 32篇 |
2016年 | 63篇 |
2015年 | 75篇 |
2014年 | 49篇 |
2013年 | 115篇 |
2012年 | 122篇 |
2011年 | 160篇 |
2010年 | 86篇 |
2009年 | 78篇 |
2008年 | 130篇 |
2007年 | 142篇 |
2006年 | 108篇 |
2005年 | 103篇 |
2004年 | 84篇 |
2003年 | 77篇 |
2002年 | 73篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1923条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Dr. Andrea Marraffa Dr. Piero Presenti Prof. Beatrice Macchi Dr. Francesca Marino-Merlo Prof. Mariella Mella Prof. Paolo Quadrelli 《ChemistryOpen》2020,9(5):528-537
Two new families of N,O-nucleoside analogues containing the anthracene moiety introduced through the nitrosocarbonyl ene reaction with allylic alcohols were prepared. The core structure is an isoxazolidine heterocycle that introduces either atom either a phenyl ring or dimethyl moiety at the C3 carbon. Different heterobases were inserted at the position 5 of the heterocyclic ring. One of the synthesized compounds demonstrated a good capacity to induce cell death and an appreciable nuclear fragmentation was evidenced in treated cells. 相似文献
102.
Emanuela Colombo Rosaria Pascente Daniela Triolo Claudia Bassani Anthea De Angelis Francesca Ruffini Linda Ottoboni Giancarlo Comi Gianvito Martino Cinthia Farina 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2020,25(22)
Astrocytes greatly participate to inflammatory and neurotoxic reactions occurring in neurodegenerative diseases and are valuable pharmacological targets to support neuroprotection. Here we used human astrocytes generated from reprogrammed fibroblasts as a cellular model to study the effect of the compound Laquinimod and its active metabolite de-Laquinimod on astrocyte functions and the astrocyte–neuron interaction. We show that human iAstrocytes expressed the receptor for the inflammatory mediator IL1 and responded to it via nuclear translocation of NFκB, an event that did not occur if cells were treated with Laquinimod, indicating a direct anti-inflammatory activity of the drug on the human astrocyte. Similarly, while exposure to IL1 downregulated glial glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT1, treatment with Laquinimod supported maintenance of physiological levels of these proteins despite the inflammatory milieu. Laquinimod also induced nuclear translocation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), suggesting that drug action was mediated by activation of the AHR pathway. However, the drug was effective despite AHR inhibition via CH223191, indicating that AHR signaling in the astrocyte is dispensable for drug responses. Finally, in vitro experiments with rat spinal neurons showed that laquinimod did not exert neuroprotection directly on the neuron but dampened astrocyte-induced neurodegeneration. Our findings indicate that fibroblast-derived human astrocytes represent a suitable model to study astrocyte–neuron crosstalk and demonstrate indirect, partial neuroprotective efficacy for laquinimod. 相似文献
103.
Rois Benassi Erika Ferrari Sandra Lazzari Francesca Pignedoli Ferdinando Spagnolo Monica Saladini 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2011,24(4):299-310
In the present study, we investigate the structures of glucosylated curcumin derivatives with DFT at B3LYP/6‐31G* level. A conformational analysis is performed in order to determine the conformational minimum (GS) and rotational transition state (TS) of curcumin derivatives and then their electronic features are evaluated. HOMO and LUMO frontier orbitals and maps of electron density potential (MEPs) are plotted and compared. In order to correlate their predicted spectroscopic properties with IR, UV–vis and NMR experimental data we extended the theoretical study on electronic properties to different solvents (H2O, MeOH, ACN, DMSO). The main finding is that the curcuminic core maintains the same geometrical and electronic structures in all compounds miming the metal coordination capability showed by curcumin. Therefore, we may confirm that the presence of glucose does not affect the electronic properties of the derivatives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
104.
105.
106.
107.
Siddappa Patil Anthony Deally Brendan Gleeson Helge Müller‐Bunz Francesca Paradisi Matthias Tacke 《应用有机金属化学》2010,24(11):781-793
From the reaction of 1H‐imidazole ( 1a ), 4,5‐dichloro‐1H‐imidazole ( 1b ) and 1H‐benzimidazole ( 1c ) with p‐cyanobenzyl bromide ( 2 ), symmetrically substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) [( 3a–c )] precursors, 1‐methylimidazole ( 5a ), 4,5‐dichloro‐1‐methylimidazole ( 5b ) and 1‐methylbenzimidazole ( 5c ) with benzyl bromide ( 6 ), non‐symmetrically substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) [( 7a–c )] precursors were synthesized. These NHC? precursors were then reacted with silver(I) acetate to yield the NHC‐silver complexes [1,3‐bis(4‐cyanobenzyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate ( 4a ), [4,5‐dichloro‐1,3‐bis(4‐cyanobenzyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate ( 4b ), [1,3‐bis(4‐cyanobenzyl)benzimidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate ( 4c ), (1‐methyl‐3‐benzylimidazole‐2‐ylidene) silver(I) acetate ( 8a ), (4,5‐dichloro‐1‐methyl‐3‐benzylimidazole‐2‐ylidene) silver(I) acetate ( 8b ) and (1‐methyl‐3‐benzylbenzimidazole‐2‐ylidene) silver(I) acetate ( 8c ) respectively. The four NHC‐precursors 3a–c, 7c and four NHC–silver complexes 4a–c and 8c were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The preliminary antibacterial activity of all the compounds was studied against Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus using the qualitative Kirby‐Bauer disc‐diffusion method. All NHC–silver complexes exhibited medium to high antibacterial activity with areas of clearance ranging from 4 to 12 mm at the highest amount used, while the NHC‐precursors showed significantly lower activity. In addition, all NHC–silver complexes underwent preliminary cytotoxicity tests on the human renal‐cancer cell line Caki‐1 and showed medium to high cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 53 ( ± 8) to 3.2 ( ± 0.6) µM. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
108.
Fulvio Ratto Paolo Matteini Alberto Cini Sonia Centi Francesca Rossi Franco Fusi Roberto Pini 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2011,13(9):4337-4348
We investigate the photothermal conversion and transformation of gold nanoparticles with an initial dogbone shape after dispersion
in hydrated chitosan films, which is a representative model of biological tissue, and excitation by a CW diode laser for 1 min.
Gold nanodogbones are observed to undergo a distinct modification above a sharp threshold of ~11 W cm−2 and 110 °C. Surprisingly, the very same modification is achieved up to at least 36 W cm−2 and 250 °C. We use an analytical model derived from Gans theory to associate the change in color of the films with the change
in shape statistics of these gold nanoparticles. This model proves both convenient and dependable. We interpret the photothermal
transformation as a rearrangement of particles with a dogbone shape and an aspect ratio of 4.1 into rods with an aspect ratio
of 2.5, where material from the end lobes of the dogbones may relocate to the waists of the rods. In turn, additional transitions
to stable gold nanospheres may exhibit fairly slower kinetics. 相似文献
109.
Dendronized Anionic Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis,Characterization, and Antiviral Activity 下载免费PDF全文
Cornelia E. Peña‐González Pilar García‐Broncano Prof. M. Francesca Ottaviani Dr. Michela Cangiotti Dr. Alberto Fattori Margarita Hierro‐Oliva Prof. M. Luisa González‐Martín Dr. Jorge Pérez‐Serrano Dr. Rafael Gómez Prof. M. Ángeles Muñoz‐Fernández Dr. Javier Sánchez‐Nieves Dr. F. Javier de la Mata 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(9):2987-2999
Anionic carbosilane dendrons decorated with sulfonate functions and one thiol moiety at the focal point have been used to synthesize water‐soluble gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through the direct reaction of dendrons, gold precursor, and reducing agent in water, and also through a place‐exchange reaction. These nanoparticles have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, TEM, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV/Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and zeta‐potential measurements. The interacting ability of the anionic sulfonate functions was investigated by EPR spectroscopy with copper(II) as a probe. Different structures and conformations of the AuNPs modulate the availability of sulfonate and thiol groups for complexation by copper(II). Toxicity assays of AuNPs showed that those produced through direct reaction were less toxic than those obtained by ligand exchange. Inhibition of HIV‐1 infection was higher in the case of dendronized AuNPs than in dendrons. 相似文献